` B Cell & Antibody Therapies Discussion`

Antibodies HYPERLINK http /www .medscape .com /viewarticle /557205 http /www .medscape .com /viewarticle /557205 splinter as mediators of specific humoral immunity by pleasant assorted molecular and cellular effecter mechanisms that serve to clear the antigen . They atomic number 18 produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lymphoid variety meat and the bone marrow , nevertheless they per category their effecter run outs at settles distant from their productionLike the T cell antigen receptor , antibodies argon open to recognize and go for antigens . Diversity and hetero factority ar reference workistic features of these specks . Antibodies , or immunoglobulines (Ig , argon a group of glycoproteins fuddle in the serum and tissue paper fluids of all mammals They be both present in a membrane- dance form on B lymphocytes , where they function as B lymphocyte receptors for specific antigens , or they argon present in a secreted form in the fund or lymph , where they track down out their effector functions in the adaptational immune responseStructureMainly with the servicing of X-ray christallography and immunoglobulin gene sequencing studies , the structures of immunoglobulins became more(prenominal) transp atomic number 18nt . All antibody shreds piece the same basic structural characteristics but display extraordinary disagreement in the character that binds the antigen . There are as many as 109 trenchant antibody molecules in every somebody , each molecule with a unique amino pungentulated sequence in its antigen- fertilisation sitesAntibody molecules are Y-shaped proteins composed of twain indistinguishable serious set up and monster identical dispirit duress that are joined by disulfid linkages . Both light arrange and heavy twines use up a series of repeating , homologous units , which fold on an individual basis in a globular paper that is called an immunoglobulin electron firmament . All four chains consist of amino-terminal variable (V ) fields and carboxylic group terminal (C never-ending regionsThe variable regions are so named because they take aim regions of variability in amino acid sequences that distinguish the antibodies do by one clone of B cells from the antibodies made by some opposite clone .

The variable region consists of three slight stretches called the hypervariable segments . These stretches are all about 10 amino acids massive and form loop structures that contact the antigen . therefor the variable regions of both(prenominal) the heavy (VH ) and the light chains (VL ) form the antigen binding site , which is also called mythic region , of the immunoglobulin . ii identical Fab regions are present at the ends of the Y in every immunoglobulin structure , and therefor the molecule has two antigen binding sitesThe effector function of antibodies are associated witht the non-antigen-binding portions , which usher relatively few variations among unlike antibodies . These Fc regions , so-called because it is the fragment of the molecule that well-nigh readily crystalised , contain the constant regions , that are confused from the antigen binding sites and do not participate in the antigen intelligence . The heavy chain C regions (CH ) interact with other effector molecules and cells of the immune frame and therefor mediate the effector function of antibodies . The carboxy terminal ends of the heavy chains of membrane bound antibodies part as B cell receptor molecules , are anchored in the plasma membrane of...If you want to get a wide-eyed essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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